INDIAN MISSILE: NAME-LIST, HISTORY,
TYPES, RANGE, FUTURE-PROJECTS, CLASSIFICATION & FULL DETAILS.
History
Mysorean rockets were the first iron-cased rockets that were
successfully deployed for military use.
It
was the world's first use of rockets for fighting modern wars.
The
British successfully reverse engineered and developed this rocket technology
further.
After
India was conquered, scientific research and development was constrained to
further the British interests and military science in India naturally lagged.
In
1958, the government of India constituted a team of Indian scientists - called
the Special Weapons Development Team - to research guided missile weapons
development.
After
the 1962 Sino-Indian War, the government of independent India renewed its focus on
Indian missile technology development.
Initially,
the scientists of the Special Weapons Development Team worked from MetCalfe
House (New Delhi), but the establishment later shifted to Hyderabad after the
state government granted them the former Nizam's army barracks.
This
was the genesis of the Defence Research and
Development Laboratory (DRDL) – earlier known as the Special Weapons Development Team – under DRDO, solely formed for missile
technology research and development.
In
the 1970s, SS-11B anti-tank missiles were manufactured under license from
France at the BDL (Bharat Dynamic Limited).
Its
first anti-tank missile was a totally indigenous product, which was
successfully test-fired. The project laid the foundation of India's missile programme
Missile Projects of India
Project Devil
Project
Devil was one of two early liquid-fuelled missile projects developed by India, along with Project
Valiant, in the 1970s.
The goal of Project Devil was to produce a short-range surface-to-surface
missile. Although discontinued in 1980 without achieving intended
success, Project Devil, led to the later development of the Prithvi missile
in the 1980s.
Project Valiant
Project
Valiant was one of two early liquid-fuelled missile projects developed by India, along with Project
Devil in the 1970s.
The goal of Project Valiant was to produce an ICBM.
Although discontinued in 1974 without achieving full success,
Project Valiant, like Project Devil, helped in the development of the Prithvi missile
in the 1980s.
IGMDP
The Integrated Guided Missile
Development Program (IGMDP) was a Ministry
of Defence (India) programme for the research and
development of a comprehensive range of missiles.
The program was managed by the Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) and Ordnance
Factories Board in partnership with other Indian government
research organisations.
The project started in early 1980s and ended in 2008 after these
strategic missiles were successfully developed.
The last major missile developed under the program was the Agni
3 intermediate-range ballistic missile which was
successfully tested on 9 July 2007.
On 8 January 2008, the DRDO formally announced the successful
completion of the IGMDP.
It added that the strategic integrated guided missile program
was completed with its design objectives achieved since most of the missiles in
the program had been developed and inducted by the Indian
armed forces.
Missile
System of India
Akash
Akash is a medium-range mobile surface-to-air
missile defence system developed by the Defence
Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ordnance
Factories Board and Bharat
Electronics Limited (BEL) in India.
The missile system can target aircraft up to
30 km away, at altitudes up to 18,000 m.
Trishul
Trishul— is a short
range surface to air missile. The range of the missile is 12 km and is
fitted with a 15 kg warhead. The weight of the missile is 130 kg
Nag
Nag
is a third generation "Fire-and-forget" anti-tank missile developed
in India.
It
is one of five missile systems developed by the Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) under the Integrated Guided Missile
Development Program (IGMDP).
Nag
has been developed at a cost of ₹3 billion (US$42.1 million).
Shaurya
The Shaurya
missile is a short-medium range hypersonic surface-to-surface hybrid
ballistic-cruise missile developed for use by the Indian Army.
Capable
of hypersonic speeds, it has a range of 700–1900 km and is capable of
carrying a payload of 200 kg to 1-tonne conventional or nuclear warhead.
BrahMos
Mach 3 Supersonic
Cruise Missile developed in collaboration with Russia. Land Attack and
Anti-ship variants in service with the Indian Army and Indian Navy.
Sub-Launched and Air Launched variants under development or testing.
BrahMos II
Mach 7 Hypersonic
Cruise Missile in development collaboration with Russia.
Nirbhay
Long
Range Sub-Sonic Cruise Missile under development and testing. It was
successfully test fired for second time from balasore Orissa. Able to travel at
speed of 0.6-0.88 mach.
Prahaar
Prahaar is a
solid-fuelled Surface-to-surface guided short-range tactical ballistic missile
that would be equipped with omni-directional warheads and could be used for
hitting both tactical and strategic targets.
Astra
Astra is a 'Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile' (BVRAAM)
being developed for the Indian Air Force.
Helina
A
variant of NAG Missile to be launched from Helicopter is being developed under
the Project named HELINA (HELIcopter launched NAg). It will be
structurally different from the Nag.
Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV)
Project HSTDV is a technology demonstrator
aimed to demonstrate autonomous flight of a Scramjet Integrated Vehicle using
ethylene.
Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme
Prithvi Air
Defence (PAD)
The Prithvi Air Defence missile has been named as Pradyumna
Ballistic Missile Interceptor.
It has a maximum interception altitude of 80 km and is
capable of engaging the 300 to 2,000 km class of ballistic missiles at a
speed of Mach 5.
DRDO is currently working on a missile for intercepting targets
of 5,000+ km range and engaging them at altitudes of up to 150 km..
Advanced Air Defence (AAD)
Also known as Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor.
The Advanced Air Defence (AAD)/ Ashvin Advanced
Defence interceptor missile operates at endo-atmosphere at altitudes of 20-40
kilometres (12–24 miles).
Anti-Radiation Missile
India is developing an Anti-Radiation Missile (ARM) that will help to destroy enemy advance warning systems.
Production of the ARM is being done on a priority basis by the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), which specialises in missile development.
Such missiles
can be mounted on the Sukhoi Su-30 MKI fighter
planes.
Anti-Satellite Missile
India is developing anti
satellite weapons. Following the successful Agni-V ICBM test,
this looks all the more achievable.
Prithvi Missile Series
Prithvi Missiles are tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missiles (SRBM)
|
Name |
Type |
Stage(s) |
Range |
Payload |
User |
|
Prithvi-I
(SS-150) |
SRBM |
One |
150 km |
1000 kg |
Army |
|
Prithvi-II
(SS-250) |
SRBM |
Two |
250 km
– 350 km |
500 kg
– 1000 kg |
Air
Force, Army |
|
Prithvi-III
(SS-350) |
SRBM |
Two |
350 km
– 600 km |
250 kg
– 500 kg |
Army,
Air Force, Navy |
Dhanush is a system consisting of a
stabilisation platform (Bow) and the Missile (Arrow). It is intended for the
Indian Navy, to be fired from ships against other ships or land targets.
Dhanush can fire modified versions of Prithvi-II or Prithvi-III.
Agni missile series
The Agni missile series started as a
"Re-Entry Vehicle" project (later rechristened as Agni Technology
Demonstrator) in the IGMDP. The missiles in this
series include:
|
Name |
Type |
Stage(s) |
Range |
|
Agni-I |
MRBM |
One |
700 km
– 1,200 km |
|
Agni-II |
IRBM |
Two |
2,000 km
– 2,500 km |
|
Agni-III |
IRBM |
Two |
3,000 km
– 5,000 km |
|
Agni-IV |
IRBM |
Two |
|
|
Agni-V |
ICBM |
Three |
|
|
Agni-VI |
ICBM |
Three |
10,000 km
– 12,000 km |
The Agni-I, Agni-II and Agni-III missiles were developed under the Integrated
Guided Missile Development Program. (The Defence
Research and Development Organisation formally
announced the successful completion of the IGMDP after the third test of Agni-III on 7 May 2008.)
Agni-IV was tested on 15 November 2011 and has
a range of 3,000 km (1,900 mi), and can carry a warhead of 1 tonnes.
It is a two-stage missile powered by solid propellant.
It is 20 metres (66 feet) tall and has a
launch weight of 17 tonnes.
A new missile Agni-V with 5,000 km (3,100 mi) range and MIRV is being developed and was tested on 26 December 2016.
Agni-V shares the similar design as Agni-III with an extra stage added to further increase the range by
1,500 km (930 mi).
Agni-V will be road mobile and it has been
stated that all Indian missiles developed after this will be road mobile as
well.
Agni-VI is an Intercontinental
ballistic missile reported to be in rudimentary stages of
development by India, and until May 2012 was not officially confirmed by either
the Government of India or the DRDO.
Reportedly, it will be capable of being
launched from submarines or from land and to strike a target of over
10,000 km (6,200 mi) with MIRV-ed warheads.
Top DRDO scientists have previously asserted
that India has almost all the equipment and technology needed to develop ICBMs,
"but where the warhead should go or what the range should be will have to
be a political call".
K Missile series
|
TYPE |
RANGE |
Weight |
Warhead |
length |
Status |
|
K-15 |
750 km |
10
tonnes |
1
tonne |
10
m |
K-15/B-05
in series production. Land-based missile awaiting clearance. |
|
K-4 |
3,500–5,000 km
|
17
tonnes |
1
tonne – 2.5 tonnes |
10
m |
As
of January 2011, at least six more tests to be performed before
induction in 2017. |
|
K-5 |
6,000 km |
Unspecified |
1
tonne |
Unspecified |
Under
Development by DRDO |
Air to air missiles
|
Family |
Name |
Type |
Maximum range |
Speed |
Warhead |
Introduction |
Status |
|
Astra (missile) |
Astra
Mk1 |
Active
radar homing beyond-visual-range missile air-to-air missile |
110 km
(68 mi) |
Mach
4.5+ |
High-explosive
pre-fragmented warhead |
2018 |
In
user trials and production |
|
Astra
Mk2 |
Active radar homing beyond-visual-range
missile air-to-air missile |
160 km
(99 mi) |
High-explosive
pre-fragmented warhead |
TBD |
In
development |
||
|
Novator
KS-172 |
Active
radar homing and Inertial navigation |
200
to 300 km (120 to 190 mi) |
Mach
3.3 |
HE
fragmentation directional warhead |
2007 |
In
use |
|
|
Solid
Fuel Ducted Ramjet |
Technology demonstration testbed for
future beyond-visual-range
missile air-to-air missile |
120
to 300 km (75 to 186 mi) |
Mach
2.5 |
TBD |
Developmental
trials |
||
Anti-radiation missiles
|
Family |
Name |
Type |
Maximum range |
Warhead |
Introduction |
Status |
|
DRDO Anti-Radiation Missile |
Air
to surface anti-radiation missile |
125 km
(78 mi) |
Conventional |
TBD |
Developmental
trials |
|
Anti-satellite missiles
|
Family |
Name |
Type |
Interception altitude |
Warhead |
Introduction |
Status |
|
Prithvi Defence Vehicle Mark II |
Exo-atmospheric Hit-to-kill anti-ballistic
missile |
1,200 km (750 mi) |
Kinetic
kill vehicle |
Unknown |
Being
tested |
|
Anti-ship missiles
|
Family |
Name |
Type |
Maximum range |
Warhead |
Introduction |
Status |
|
Prithvi (missile) |
Dhanush
(missile) |
Ship based Anti-ship ballistic missile |
750 km
(470 mi) |
Conventional
or nuclear |
2018 |
In
service |
|
BrahMos |
Multi-platform
supersonic anti-ship cruise missile |
290
to 600 km (180 to 370 mi) |
Conventional
or nuclear |
2004 |
In
service |
|
|
BrahMos-II |
Multi-platform
hypersonic anti-ship cruise missile |
450 km
(280 mi)-600 km (370 mi) |
Conventional
or nuclear |
TBD |
In
development |
|
|
DRDO
NASM-SR |
Short
range naval anti-ship missile |
TBA |
TBA |
TBD |
In
development |
|
Anti-tank missiles
|
Family |
Name |
Type |
Maximum range |
Warhead |
Introduction |
Status |
|
DRDO Anti Tank Missile |
Wire guided first generation anti-tank missile |
1.6 km (0.99 mi) |
HEAT |
- |
Cancelled |
|
|
Nag
(missile) |
Prospina |
Third generation land-attack ATGM |
4 km (2.5 mi) |
Tandem-charge High-explosive anti-tank warhead |
2016 |
In production |
|
HeliNa |
Air-launched ATGM |
10 km (6.2 mi) |
TBD |
In trials |
||
|
Stand
off Anti-Tank missile |
Standoff Air-launched ATGM |
20 km (12 mi) |
TBD |
Developmental trials |
||
|
MPATGM |
2.5 km (1.6 mi) |
TBD |
Developmental trials |
|||
|
Amogha
missile |
Amogha-1 |
Second generation anti-tank guided missile |
2.8 km (1.7 mi) |
HEAT |
TBD |
Developmental trials |
|
Air launched Amogha |
Air launched anti-tank missile |
HEAT |
TBD |
Proposed |
||
|
Man portable Amogha |
Man-portable anti-tank missile |
HEAT |
TBD |
Proposed |
||
|
SAMHO anti-tank missile |
Laser guided Cannon launched anti-tank
anti-helicopter missile |
5 km (3.1 mi) |
HEAT |
TBD |
Developmental trials |
|
Ballistic missiles
|
Family |
Name |
Type |
Maximum range |
Warhead |
Introduction |
Status |
|
Prithvi (missile) |
Prithvi-I
(SS-150) |
tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) |
150 km (93 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
1994 |
In service |
|
Prithvi-II
(SS-250) |
tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) |
250 km (160 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
2003 |
In service |
|
|
Prithvi-III
(SS-350) |
surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) |
350 to 750 km (220 to 470 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
2004 |
In service |
|
|
Dhanush
(missile) |
Ship-based surface-to-surface SRBM |
350 to 750 km (220 to 470 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
2018 |
In service |
|
|
Agni
(missile) |
Agni-I |
MRBM |
900 km (560 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
2002 |
In service |
|
Agni-IP |
MRBM |
700 km (430 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
TBD |
In development |
|
|
Agni-II |
MRBM |
2,000 to 3,500 km (1,200 to
2,200 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
2010 |
In service |
|
|
Agni-III |
IRBM |
3,500 to 5,000 km (2,200 to
3,100 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
2011 |
In service |
|
|
Agni-IV |
IRBM |
4,000 km (2,500 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
2014 |
In service |
|
|
Agni-V |
ICBM |
5,500 to 8,000 km (3,400 to
5,000 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
2018 |
Being deployed |
|
|
Agni-VI |
ICBM |
12,000 km (7,500 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
TBD |
In development |
|
|
Surya
missile |
ICBM |
16,000 km (9,900 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
Unknown |
Unconfirmed |
|
|
K
missile family |
K-15/B-05 |
Medium range SLBM |
750 km (470 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
2018 |
In service |
|
K-4
(missile) |
Intermediate range SLBM |
3,500 km (2,200 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
TBD |
In trials |
|
|
K-5
(missile) |
Intercontinental range SLBM |
5,000 km (3,100 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
TBD |
In development |
|
|
K-6
(missile) |
Intercontinental range SLBM |
6,000 km (3,700 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
TBD |
In development |
|
|
Prahaar |
Prahaar
(missile) |
tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) |
150 km (93 mi) |
Conventional or nuclear |
TBD |
In trials |
|
Pragati |
tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) |
170 km (110 mi) |
Conventional |
N/A |
In development |
|
|
Pralay
(missile) |
Tactical
ballistic missile |
500 km (310 mi) |
Conventional |
TBD |
In development |
|
Cruise missiles
|
Family |
Name |
Type |
Maximum range |
Speed |
Warhead |
Introduction |
Status |
|
BrahMos |
BrahMos
Block I |
Supersonic
Ship-launched anti-ship cruise missile |
290 km
(180 mi) |
Mach
3 |
Conventional
or nuclear |
2006-07 |
Operational |
|
Supersonic
Ship launched land-attack cruise missile |
290 km
(180 mi) |
2006-07 |
Operational |
||||
|
Supersonic
Land launched land-attack cruise missile |
290 km
(180 mi) |
2008 |
Operational |
||||
|
Supersonic
Land-launched anti-ship variant |
290 km
(180 mi) |
2010 |
Operational |
||||
|
BrahMos
Block II |
Suepersonic
Ship/land launched land-attack/Anti-ship cruise missile |
290 km
(180 mi) |
2012 |
Operational |
|||
|
BrahMos
Block III |
Supersonic
Land attack cruise missile |
290 km
(180 mi) |
2013 |
Operational |
|||
|
BrahMos-A |
Supersonic
Air launched land-attack cruise missile |
400 km
(250 mi) |
TBD |
Developmental
trials |
|||
|
Supersonic
Air launched anti-ship cruise missile |
400 km
(250 mi) |
TBD |
Developmental
trials |
||||
|
Submarine
launched BrahMos |
Supersonic
Submarine launched anti-ship cruise missile |
290 km
(180 mi) |
2013 |
In
service |
|||
|
Supersonic
Submarine launched land-attack cruise missile |
290 km
(180 mi) |
2013 |
In
service |
||||
|
BrahMos
ER |
Multi-platform
multirole supersonic cruise missile |
600 km
(370 mi) |
TBD |
In
development |
|||
|
BrahMos
NG |
Multi-platform
multirole supersonic cruise missile |
290 km
(180 mi) |
TBD |
In
development |
|||
|
BrahMos-II |
Hypersonic
cruise missile |
450 km
(280 mi) |
Mach
7 |
Conventional
or nuclear |
No
earlier than 2020 |
In
development |
|
|
Nirbhay
(missile) |
Subsonic
land-attack cruise missile |
1,500 km
(930 mi) |
Mach
0.7 |
Conventional
or nuclear |
2019 |
Being
inducted |
|
Surface to air missiles
|
Family |
Name |
Type |
Maximum range |
Interception altitude |
Speed |
Warhead |
Introduction |
Status |
|
Trishul (missile) |
Short range surface to air missile |
9 km (5.6 mi) |
Mach 1+ |
High explosive |
1983 |
Retired |
||
|
Akash
(missile) |
Akash Mk I |
Medium range surface to air missile |
30 km (19 mi) |
18 km (11 mi) |
Mach 2.8-3.5 |
High-explosive, pre-fragmented warhead |
2009 |
In service |
|
Akash Mk II |
35 km (22 mi) |
20 km (12 mi) |
High-explosive, pre-fragmented warhead |
TBA |
Developmental trials |
|||
|
Akash-NG |
50 km (31 mi) |
20 km (12 mi) |
High-explosive, pre-fragmented warhead |
TBD |
In development |
|||
|
Maitri
(missile) |
Quick reaction surface to air missile |
30 km (19 mi) |
TBD |
In development |
||||
|
QRSAM |
Quick reaction surface to air missile |
30 km (19 mi) |
10 km (6.2 mi) |
TBA |
In trials |
|||
|
Barak
8 |
MRSAM |
Medium range surface to air missile |
100 km (62 mi) |
16 km (9.9 mi) |
Mach 2 |
Proximity censor based |
2017 |
Being inducted |
|
LRSAM |
Long range surface to air missile |
150 km (93 mi) |
16 km (9.9 mi) |
Proximity censor based |
2019 |
In trials |
||
|
Phase I of Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme |
Prithvi
Air Defence |
Exo-atmospheric anti-ballistic missile |
300 km (190 mi) |
80 km (50 mi) |
Mach 5+ |
Proximity
fuze |
2006 |
Being inducted |
|
Advanced
Air Defence |
Endo-atmospheric anti-ballistic missile |
150 km (93 mi) |
30 km (19 mi) |
Mach 4.5 |
Hit-to-kill |
2007 |
Being inducted |
|
|
Prithvi
Defence Vehicle |
Exo-atmospheric anti-ballistic missile |
2,000 km (1,200 mi) |
150 km (93 mi) |
Hit-to-kill |
2019 |
In trials |
||
|
Phase II of Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme |
Prithvi
Defence Vehicle Mark-II |
Exo-atmospheric anti-ballistic missile |
1,200 km (750 mi) |
Hit-to-kill |
TBD |
Developmental trials |
||
|
AD-1 |
Anti-ballistic missile |
TBA |
TBA |
Hit-to-kill |
TBD |
In development |
||
|
AD-2 |
Anti-ballistic missile |
TBA |
TBA |
Hit-to-kill |
TBD |
In development |
||
|
XR-SAM |
Long range surface to air missile |
350 km (220 mi) |
High explosive |
TBD |
In development |
|||
Other systems
|
Family |
Name |
Type |
Maximum range |
Speed |
Warhead |
Introduction |
Status |
|
Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher |
Pinaka Mk I |
Multiple
rocket launcher |
40 km (25 mi) |
Various |
1998 |
In service |
|
|
Pinaka Mk II/Guided Pinaka |
90 km (56 mi) |
Various |
TBA |
In trials |
|||
|
Indian long range MRL |
Multiple
rocket launcher |
120 km (75 mi) |
Various |
TBD |
In development |
||
|
K
missile family |
Shaurya
(missile) |
Hypersonic surface to surface tactical
missile |
700 km (430 mi) |
Mach 7.5 |
Conventional or nuclear |
2011 |
In service |
|
Hypersonic
Technology Demonstrator Vehicle |
Testbed
for development of hypersonic systems |
Mach
12 |
N/A |
2019 |
Developmental
trials |
||
Research and development organisations of India
Current
missile research and development in India happens under the Defence Research and
Development Laboratory (DRDL), and a group of laboratories collectively
called the Missile Complex Laboratories namely:
·
Interim
Test Range
·
Bharat
Dynamics Limited Manufactures the
missile and also has an associated R&D lab.
·
Composite
Products Development Centre
·
Defence
Metallurgical Research Laboratory Develops
materials for defence and space usage
·
Defence
Research and Development Laboratory Develops the mission control software among other missile
technologies.
·
Dr
APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex Houses
following 3 laboratories:
o
Advanced
Systems Laboratory Research and
development on motors, jet vanes and structures for launch vehicles and
missiles.
o
Research
Centre Imarat (Develops
navigation and electromechanical actuation systems.)
o
Defence
Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL) famous for its contributions to IGMDP programme
·
High
Energy Materials Research Laboratory Propellant (missile fuel) research is done in HEMRL.
·
Missile
Complex Laboratories (These
laboratories were earlier part of the DRDL or set up under them, but all are
now independent entities.)
·
Missile
Systems Quality Assurance Agency
·
Vehicle
Research and Development Establishment Develops missile launchers.
·
HTNP
Industries Develops Hypersonic
missile warheads (Nuclear capable and non nuclear capable).
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