PARLIAMENT OF INDIA:STRUCTURE, PURPOSE, MEMBERS, FACTS, SEATS, ELIGIBILITY & FULL DETAILS.

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What is Parliament of India?

The supreme legislative body of the union of india is called the Parliament.

• Parliament is the legislative body of India.
• The Indian parliament comprises The President and 2 houses named as

      (i) Rajya Sabha (Council of states).
      (ii) Lok Sabha (House of the people).

• It is founded in 26 January 1950.
• The opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927.
• The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.
• The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950.
• The first general elections under the new Constitution were held during the year 1951-52 .
• As per the Constitution, Parliament shall consist of 300 members to be elected directly 
• 50 reserved seats for women to be allotted to parties based on their proportional representation in the House.
• A total of 131 seats (24.16%) are Reserved or blocked for Representatives from Scheduled Castes (84) and Scheduled Tribes (47) only.
• The new Parliament building completed likely by 2022. 
• Official Website: https://parliamentofindia.nic.in/

Who is President and his Work?

The present President of India is Shri Ram Nath Kovind.

Source: https://india.gov.in/

Shri Ram Nath Kovind

Father's Name: Late Shri Maiku Lal

Mother's Name: Late Smt. Kalavati

Date of Birth: October 01, 1945

Place of Birth: Kanpur Dehat, Uttar Pradesh

Marital Status: Married

Spouse's Name: Smt. Savita Kovind

Children: Prashant Kumar and Swati

Educational Qualifications: B.Com, L.L.B.

Permanent Address: Kanpur Dehat, UP

Countries Visited: Widely travelled

Present Address: Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi, 110004, Tel: 011-23015321

Profession: Advocate, Politician and Activist

Positions Held:

• Member, Rajya Sabha, 1994-2006. (Elected from Uttar Pradesh)
• Permanent Advocate at Hon'ble Supreme Court of India for Central Govt. (1980-93).
• Member, Parliamentary Committees for SC/ST Welfare, Home Ministry, Petroleum & Natural Gas, Social Justice and Rights, Law & Justice, Chairman of Rajya Sabha Housing Committee.
• Member, Management Board for Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Lucknow.
• Member, Board of Governors, Indian Institute of Management, Kolkata.
• Represented India at United Nations (New York) and addressed the General Assembly during Oct, 2002.
• Governor of Bihar from 16-08-2015 to 21-06-2017

To see the full list of Presidents From Independence: Click here 

To see former presidents list: Click Here


Power & Resposibilities:

The Indian President has to appoint the Prime Minister of India. The President also appoints the Council of Ministers and with the Prime Minister's advice he/she distributes the portfolios to the Council of Ministers. 

The President of India has Executive, Judicial and Legislative powers. Some of the powers of the Indian President are:

• The Indian President can award a person or decrease the verdict of an offended person, chiefly in cases concerning punishment of death.
• The president can assign governors of States, Attorney General, Chief Justice, Chief Election Commissioner, Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries
• The President is also the chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
• He / She commands  both the Houses of the Parliament and also can postpone the same.
• The Lok Sabha an be dissolved at any time by the President acting under the advice of the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers.
• A bill passed by the parliament becomes a law only when it is passed by the President
• The President can dissolve the Lok Sabha
• If it becomes necessary to have a law then the President can promote ordinances when the parliament is not in session
• State Emergency: It is declared when there is failure of constitutional machinery in the state
• National Emergency: It can be declared at the time of war, armed rebellion or external aggression
• Financial Emergency: It can be declared if the Indian President gets the belief that the financial stability of the country is threatened.

Official Website: https://presidentofindia.nic.in/








What is Rajya Sabha?

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• The Rajya Sabha is to consist of not more than 250 members - 238 members representing the States and Union Territories, and 12 members nominated by the President. 
• Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. 
• One third of the members retire every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members.
• It also Called as Upper House. 
• Each member is elected for a term of six years.
• The minimum age requirement for this house is 30 years old.
• All the MLAs of a state together elect the Rajya MPs of their state.
• The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of each State.
• This house can't be dissolved for any reason.
• The Vice-President of India is ex- officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• Rajya sabha voting system is through single transferable vote
• Rajya sabha last election is on 5 july 2019.
• Rajya sabha next election is on april 2020. but not totally done right now because of Covid-19 epidemic. Accoding to news Rajya Sabha elections will be held throughout 2020, to elect the retiring members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber. The elections are held to elect 73 members of which 55 of them will be elected on March 26 and the rest in June and November 2020. See Source
• The members of the Rajya Sabha elect their own Deputy Chairman.

Official Website: https://rajyasabha.nic.in/




What is Lok Sabha?

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• The Lok-Sabha is composed of representatives of peoples chosen by direct election on the basis of Universal Adult Suffrage.
• Maximum Strength of the House is 552 members -530 members to represent the States, 20 members to represent the union territories and 2 members to be nominated by the president from the Anglo-indian community.
• It is also Called as Lower House.
• The Lower House currently contains 543 members; however, it can have up to 552 members.
• The age of each member has to be over 25 years old.
• The Lok sabha voting system is through First-past-the-post voting
• Lok sabha last election is on 11 april to 19 may 2019.
• Lok sabha next election is on may 2024.
• The members of the Lok Sabha elect two of their members as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. 
• The Lok Sabha can cause the fall of the government by passing a direct vote of no-confidence against the Prime Minister or his ministry.
• The money bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. After getting passed, a money bill goes to the Rajya Sabha.
• 131 Lok Sabha seats stand reserved for the people belonging to SCs and STs.

Official Website: https://loksabha.nic.in/



Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Parliament:

• The current Speaker of Lok Sabha is Om Birla Since 19 June 2019.
• The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
• Om Birla is From Bharatiya Janata Party.
• Newly elected Members of Parliament from the Lok Sabha choose the Speaker among themselves after that Rajaya Sabha Members discussed and  give permission Then President elect Speaker.
• They maintain discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for unruly behaviour by suspending them. 
• He can interrupt ,argue and stop the on-going discussion & his decision take as final Decision.
• He decides whether a bill is a money bill or a non-money bill.
• The Speaker Term Length is During the life of the Lok Sabha (five years maximum).
• His Salary is about 1,25,877 rupees.
• Speaker can be removed by the Lok Sabha by a resolution passed by an effective majority (>50% of total strength excluding vacancies) of the house as per Articles 94 and 96.
• Speaker of Lok Sabha Official Website: https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/

To check full List of Speakers of Lok Sabha From Independence till now Click here

Om Birla
Source: Wikipedia

• The Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the vice-presiding officer of the Lok Sabha
• But There is no Current Deputy Speaker in India.
• From Lok Sabha 2019 Election till now Modi Government has created a record for not having Deputy Speaker.
• The Last Deputy Speaker is Munisamy Thambidurai from 13 Aug 2014 to 25 May 2019 and he is from Anna Dravida munnetra kazhagham Party.
• the Deputy speaker is also elected by the members of Lok Sabha. 
• The Deputy Speaker Term Length is maximum 5 years.
• In case of the absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker presides over the sessions of the Lok Sabha and conducts the business in the house.
• He decides whether a bill is a money bill or a non-money bill.

To check full List of Deputy Speakers of Lok Sabha From Independence till now Click here

Purpose & Power:

The parliament as a whole has a selection of joint functions and powers. Some of the major functions of the parliament are as follows: 1) Legislative Functions 2) Financial Control 3) Providing and exercising control over Cabinet 4) Critical Assessment of the Work of the Cabinet 5) Role of opposition 6) An organ of information 7) Constitutional Functions 8) Judicial Functions 9) Elective functions. Some Important  functions are:

• Impeach the president
• Parliament participates in the election of the President and Vice-President of India.
• Amend the constitution
• Finding and Creating Processes to increase funds for Public Sector
• Assessing the effectiveness of the government and making changes as needed.
• Emposes Taxes
• No tax can be levied and no money can be spent without the consent of Parliament
• The Parliament makes laws on all subjects listed in the Union List as well as subjects listed under the Concurrent List.
• In cases when an emergency has been declared, the Union Parliament can also make laws on subjects that fall within the State List.
• Remove judges of the Supreme Court and the High Court’s through a prescribed procedure.
• Parliament can also punish a person for contempt or defamation of the House.
• The Parliament can also by legislation create new state or make changes in the existing state boundaries.
• Parliament can extend the  duration of Houses.
• Every bill has to face scrutiny at the hands of an appropriate committee before it is finally passed by the Parliament.
• The fiscal policies of the government can be enforced only after these get the approval of the Parliament.
• The members of the Lok Sabha elect two of their members as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. The members of the Rajya Sabha elect their own Deputy Chairman.
• Establish or abolish the Legislative Council in any State.
• Approve or disapprove an Emergency proclamation made by the President.
• Provide for a common High Court for two or more States.
• Pass laws required for the enforcement of International Treaties.
• Act as board of directors for Public Sector Corporations.
• Redress grievances of the people.

STRUCTURE:

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Source :wikipedia

If you Want to see Detailed Information See Video

Members of Parliament:

Officers of rajya sabha

• President: Shri Ram Nath Kovind
• Chairman: Venkaiah Naidu
• Deputy Chairman: Harivansh Narayan Singh, JD(U)
• Leader of the House: Thawar Chand Gehlot, BJP
• Leader of the Opposition: Ghulam Nabi Azad, INC

Officers of Lok Sabha

• Speaker: Om Birla, BJP
• Deputy Speaker: Vacant
• Secretary General: Snehlata Shrivasatava
• Leader of the House; Narendra Modi, BJP
• Leader of the Opposition: None, as no opposition party received 10% membership of the House. The single largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha is the Indian National Congress with 52 seats (two seats below the required 54).

To see Alphabetical list of Rajya Sabha members showing their party Affiliation, State, Permanent and Delhi Addresses and Telephone numbers. See Pdf

To see State-Wise List of Rajya Sabha Members showing there State, Party-Affiliation. See Pdf

To see List of Council of Ministers See Pdf

To See Members of Loksabha and other Related information Click here or you can visit  Wikipedia.

To see Map of India with Winning party in states and Union Territories 2019 Click Here


Eligibility:

Qualifications to Become an MP

As per article 84 of the constitution, a person is qualified to be a member of parliament provided he:

• is a citizen of India
• has completed 30 years of age in case of Rajya Sabha and 25 years in case of Lok Sabha.
• possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.
• Only an elector can be elected. Thus, the candidate must be registered as a voter in a parliamentary constituency and must be eligible to vote.
• It is not necessary that a person should be registered as a voter in the same constituency. This is applicable for both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
• A person from reserved category only can contest election if the Lok Sabha seat is reserved for these categories. However, an SC/ST person can contest election on an unreserved seat also.

Disqualifications:

The constitution of India has provided (in article 102) that a member of parliament will be disqualified for membership if:

• He holds any office of profit under the Union or state government (except that of a minister or any other office exempted by Parliament)
• He is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a court.
• He is an undischarged insolvent.
• He has ceased to be a citizen of India.
• He is disqualified under any other law by parliament

The last condition above led the parliament to include some other conditions for disqualification in Representation of People Act (1951).  These are as follows:

• He must not have been found guilty of certain election offences and corrupt practices
• He must not have been convicted for any offence that results in imprisonment for two or more years. However, detention under preventive detention law is not disqualification.
• He must not have failed to lodge an account of election expenses within stipulated time.
• He must not have any interest in government contracts, works and services.
• He must not be a director or managing personnel in a company / organization in which government has at least 25% share.
• He must not have been dismissed from government service due to corruption or disloyalty to state.
• He must not have been convicted for promoting enmity between groups.
• He must not have been punished for supporting social crimes such as untouchability, sati, dowry etc.

Disqualification on Ground of Defection

Apart from article 102, the Tenth Schedule to Constitution provides for disqualification of the members on ground of defection. Defection refers to desertion of one’s party in favor of an opposing one. As per the provisions of the Tenth Schedule, a member may be disqualified if he:

• Voluntarily gives up the membership of his political party which gave him ticket to contest and win
• Votes or abstains from voting in the House contrary to any direction issued by the political party to which he belongs, unless such voting or abstention has been condoned by the political party within fifteen days.
• A member elected as an independent candidate shall be disqualified if he joins any political party after his election.
• However, a nominated member is allowed to join a political party provided he joins such political party of his choices within a period of six months. After that period, joining a political party would lead to defection and disqualification.

Who decides the question of disqualification?

• The question whether a member is subject to disqualification in all other matters except under 10th schedule (disqualification) is decided by President. However, President should obtain the opinion of the election commission before taking such decision.
• The question of disqualification under Anti-defection / Tenth Schedule is decided by the Chairman in the case of Rajya Sabha {i.e. Vice-President} and Speaker in the case of Lok Sabha.
• The decision of Chairman / Speaker in this condition is subject to judicial review.

Facts About Parliament Building, Members, Sessions:

• The Indian parliament is circular in shape with 170 meter diameter and it covers an area of 6 acres.
•  A rare fact about Indian Parliament is that it has striking similarities with 64 Yogini temple of Morena , Madhya Pradesh . This temple was built in 11th century.
• The Parliament Building was designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker and was inaugurated by Lord Irvin.
• The construction of the building took 6 years and total cost of construction was 8.3 million indian rupees.
• There are 12 Main Gates to enter in the parliament house, but gate 1 which opens at Sansad marg is used as main gate.
• At the time of British era, the name of the building was Council House.
• Central Hall is located at the centre of the parliament House building, which is circular in shape and there is dome on its top with a diameter of 30 meter.
• Parliament library is the second largest library in india after National library of Belvedre Estate, Kolkata. Parliament library was founded in year 1921.
• There is Parliament museum in Parliament library building close to Sansad bhavan.
• Oldest member ever served the Indian Parliament was Rishang keishing. he was Rajya sabha member from congress party from Manipur state.
• Dushyant Chautala is the youngest ever Member in the history of Indian Parliament. he was born in Daroli, Hisar District, Haryana, on 3 April 1988.
• First Female Speaker in Indian Parliament was Meira Kumar.
• First Visually impaired person to become member of parliament was Sadhan Gupta. he belonged to CPI(M) From West Bengal.
• The First Hour of every Session of either House is called as Question hour.
• The time-slot just after question hour is called as zero hour.
• Normally, in both houses Question hour starts at 11 AM and zero hour starts at 12 Noon.
• During Winter Sessions, Sometimes Rajya sabha has started zero hour  first at 11 am and then question hour at 12 noon.
• There Must not be a gap of More than 6 months between 2 sessions.
• In general, there are 3 sessions of the parliament :-i) Budget session, ii) Monsoon session, iii) winter sessionn.
• Budget session is between February to March; Monsoon session is between july to september; winter sesssion is between november to december.
• Monsoon session is the longest session and winter session is the shortest session.
• There is also another sessions e.g.- i) Special Session, ii) Joint Session both is called by the President as per the constitution.
• The colour of carpet in Rajya sabha and Lok sabha is red and green Respectively.
• The president addresses the first session of parliament from central hall after fresh election.

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Conclusion: 

Indian Parliament runs longer than 93 years and from independence till now it's created many laws, bills and regulations to make life easier of Indians. and make india world's largest democracy in the world.
I Cover all related details but if you want to know more about it then you can go to the official website. and I hope its helpful to you